Heart Failure: Pathogenesis and Treatment

[Anemia in heart failure: pathophysiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and incognitae].

Although anemia now occupies an important place in our present understanding of the pathogenesis of heart failure, the condition is surrounded in mystery. Anemia is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure and is of great clinical significance. However, the treatment targets for anemia in patients with heart failure have still not been accurately defined. The present article reviews of t...

Pathogenesis of anemia in heart failure.

Epigenetic mechanisms in heart failure pathogenesis.

A lthough neurohormonal antagonist and device therapies have improved outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure (HF), residual morbidity and mortality remain high. Novel HF therapeutic approaches thus remain an unmet clinical need of pressing urgency. Such approaches depend, in turn, on keener understanding of the molecular pathways underlying HF pathogenesis. Although a number of novel ...

Pathogenesis and treatment of respiratory failure.

It is now recognized that acute respiratory failure, defined in terms of low arterial oxygen tension and/or C 0 2 retention, is usually a reversible syndrome. This is particularly true when respiratory failure occurs as a consequence of impaired ventilation secondary to central nervous system depression. The early recognition of respiratory failure by widespread utilization of arterial blood ga...

Frozen shoulder: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Frozen shoulder (FS) or adhesive capsulitis is a common disease which causes pain, difficulty and restriction in the movement of the shoulder joint due to unclear complex etiology. The everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing and driving become difficult. It affects both men and women especially in their 40s and 60s. The duration of the disease varies from one patient to another and it may last...